Maryn McKenna

Journalist and Author

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Project Update: Resistance (The Film) Has A Kickstarter

February 14, 2013 By Maryn Leave a Comment

About a year ago, I told you about an indie effort to put together a superbug documentary called Resistance. The filmmakers, Ernie Park and Michael Graziano (who made the excellent documentary Lunch Line about school lunch programs), have been traveling around the world since then, meeting victims of antibiotic resistance and talking to health care professionals and researchers about superbugs’ inexorable advance.

And now they are in their last stretch, and — as you do these days — they have a Kickstarter, with 35 days to go.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, Film, Kickstarter, Resistance, Science Blogs

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Surround Big Swine Farms — In China as Well as the U.S.

February 12, 2013 By Maryn Leave a Comment

I suspect we think of large-scale confinement agriculture as a uniquely American issue. Possibly that’s because growth-promoter antibiotic use, which makes meat-raising efficient, originated in the United States; more likely, it’s because some of the largest firms in that sector — Smithfield and Tyson, for example — are US-based. But public and private research efforts (including the US Department of Agriculture, the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization and the Pew Charitable Trusts) have documented that intensive livestock-raising is increasing in emerging economies such as India and China; as incomes rise, demand for meat does too.

A paper published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences demonstrates that the unintended consequences of confinement agriculture are occurring in those countries as well. A multi-national team of researchers from Michigan State University and two campuses of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found — well, I can’t put it better than their paper’s title does: “Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms.”

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, animals, antibiotics, China, food, food policy, food safety, pigs, Resistance, Science Blogs

Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Meat: Not Getting Better

February 9, 2013 By Maryn Leave a Comment

A few days ago, the Food and Drug Administration released two important documents related to antibiotic use in livestock raising, and what the results of that antibiotic use are. I’d say that they released them quietly, except, when it comes to this issue, every release seems to be quiet, never accompanied by the press releases or briefings that other divisions of the FDA use to publicize their news.

The two documents are the 2011 Retail Meat Report from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, or NARMS, and the 2011 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, which is known for short as ADUFA, after the 2008 Animal Drug User Fee Act that mandated the data be collected.

These two reports capture almost all the data we receive from the federal government about antibiotic use in livestock production (which is not the same thing as “all the data the federal government possesses” — there is evidence they receive more than they release). So their annual release is an important indicator for whether antibiotic use in meat production, and antibiotic resistance in meat, are trending up or down.

The news does not appear to be good.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, animals, antibiotics, FDA, food, food policy, food safety, NARMS, Resistance, Science Blogs

Why We Can't See Inside Poultry Production, and What Might Change if We Could

January 29, 2013 By Maryn Leave a Comment

 

In the past months, there have been several troubling research reports, from different parts of the world, exploring aspects of the same problem: Multi-drug resistant bacteria are present in chicken, apparently because of the use of antibiotics in poultry production, and are passing to people who work with, prepare or eat chicken, at some risk to their health.

Here are a few of the publications:

  • From the US Department of Agriculture and University of Georgia, which has probably the deepest poultry-science research bench in the United States, an analysis of multi-drug resistant E. coli found on broiler chicken carcasses.
  • From several institutions in Germany, an analysis that finds “alarmingly high” levels of multi-drug resistant bacteria on retail chicken — including on organic chicken, which the authors say may be due to bacterial colonization of chicks before they are bought by organic producers.
  • From the Czech Republic, a report that bacteria found on chicken there are resistant to an additional class of drugs important in human medicine, fluoroquinolones.
  • From a multi-national team, a look at the close resemblance of multi-drug resistant E. coli between poultry and humans in several countries including the United States.
  • And most recently, two more European reports, from the Netherlands and from Sweden, of high rates of multi-drug resistant bacteria on chicken meat (and in the Netherlands paper, a comparison to resistant bacteria in humans as well).

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, antibiotics, chicken, food, food policy, food safety, foodborne, poultry, Resistance, Science Blogs

A Government Takes Ag Antibiotics Seriously — But Not Our Government

January 15, 2013 By Maryn Leave a Comment

Matt Rourke/AP

It’s always fascinating to me to see how seriously other parts of the world take the issue of antibiotic use in agriculture, given the long struggle in the United States to get the Food and Drug Administration to act and to get legislation through Congress. The European Parliament has voted down any prophylactic antibiotic use, and China has banned growth promoters.

And last week, the UK Parliament examined the issue for the first time in more than a decade, in a long debate that featured some stinging language by members of Parliament and, it must be said, some inadequate responses by a government agency.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: animals, antibiotics, EU, food, food policy, growth promoters, Resistance, Science Blogs, UK

Almost-Untreatable Gonorrhea: Proof That It's Here

January 11, 2013 By Maryn Leave a Comment

If you’ve been following this blog for a while, you might have noticed a thread on health authorities’ growing concern over gonorrhea not responding to the drugs used against it. (And if you didn’t notice you can find those posts here.) A paper published Wednesday evening shows that worry has not been misplaced.

The concern is this: Treatment of STDs in infected people, and programs that aim to keep STDs from spreading from those people to others, rely on drugs that are inexpensive to buy, simple to administer, and work after a single dose and clinic visit. Since the late 1990s, there have been only two drugs that fulfill those criteria: an oral drug called cefixime and an injectable called ceftriaxone (both belonging to the same broader drug family called third-generation cephalosporins). Since the early 2000s, there have simultaneously been signs that resistance to cefixime has been spreading from the Pacific Rim — Japan and Hawaii — to North America, Europe and the rest of the world.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: CDC, ECDC, gonorrhea, Resistance, Science Blogs, Who

2012 In The Rear-View Mirror: What You Liked

January 1, 2013 By Maryn Leave a Comment


Happy New Year, constant readers. For the second year in a row, here’s my list of which of my posts (91 in 2012!) most moved you to react. Last year (find that list here), I counted down based on which posts provoked the most comments. This year, Wired installed a tweet-counter — which registers only if someone clicks through from Twitter, but not if the post’s URL is mentioned or RT’d — so I thought it would be amusing to score posts that way this year.

And the verdict is: You care enormously about food policy, but you continue to be fascinated by the emergence of scary diseases — and, to my surprise and pleasure, you care about public understanding of science as well.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, antibiotics, chagas, chicken, diabetes, FDA, NRDC, poultry, Resistance, Science Blogs, shrimp, TB

One Family's Journey From Foodborne-Illness Victim to "Food Patriots"

December 19, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

A quick post today, because I have deadlines, and because this Kickstarter closes tomorrow and you should take a look at it while you can.

In February of 2006, when he was 16 years old, Sam Spitz went out for lunch with his high school pals. They were athletes, and looking for a big meal, so they went to a pizza-pasta place. Sam, though, had an inkling of healthy eating from his mother, Jennifer Amdur Spitz, who liked to shop at farmers’ markets. He chose a chicken Caesar salad instead.

By the end of the school day, it seemed like a bad choice. He developed diarrhea so severe that Jennifer and his dad, Jeff Spitz, had to tape an adult diaper on him to get him to the emergency room. The ER staff assumed it was a foodborne illness, took a culture, and sent them home with a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

It had no effect. It took weeks, along with visits to specialists and more tests and more drugs and eventually a colonoscopy, before the family discovered that what had felled the strapping young athlete was an antibiotic-resistant foodborne illness: Campylobacter, a bug that frequently travels on chicken.

Sam Spitz was seriously sick for a month and recovering for many more. He was a pitcher, but missed his entire baseball season, along with the chance to be inspected by college recruiters. He was still on restricted activity when the football recruiters came around the following fall. He eventually recovered (and played football for University of Wisconsin) — but his family’s attitude toward food and food safety was forever changed.

The Spitzes, who are award-winning filmmakers, have documented their journey to a better understanding of our food system in a new film that they are now polishing, called “Food Patriots.” In it, they talk not only about their own dawning understanding of how our food is produced, but also about many other people who are trying to get food grown and distributed in a healthier, more equitable way.

“We were really insulated, as a family, from knowing where our food comes from, and from having the awareness that allows you to make healthy choices,” Jennifer told me. “But this film has a much bigger footprint than just our journey. We’re in it to provide a narrative, and some humor — but what we do is look at people who are inspiring us to think about, buy and eat food differently.”

The Spitzes are in their last 24 hours on their Kickstarter. They have made their initial goal, which was to fund post-production — but in the last day, they’ve been offered a match by a major donor. Anything they receive today will be doubled by the donor, and those funds will be spent getting the film out to communities for screenings.

Jennifer described the film to me as “zero-depth” — like the kind of public pool where you can stand at the end with just your toes wet, and move deeper at your own pace. “There have been a lot of scary, hit-you-over-the-head food films already, and people have already responded to that approach,” she said. “We don’t preach. We want to get people into conversation.”

Take a look.

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Footnote: If antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter sounds at all familiar, it may be because I wrote about it in my two-year investigation of foodborne illness for SELF Magazine last summer. Here’s that story and my post about it.

Flickr/mollyeh11/CC

 

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: chicken, FDA, food, food policy, foodborne, Resistance, Science Blogs, self

The FDA Is Holding Back Data on Farm Antibiotics Use — And Plans to Keep Doing So

December 17, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

Tomorrow morning, the US Food and Drug Administration will consider whether to accept reauthorization of legislation that allows us to know a few details about how many antibiotics are sold each year for agricultural use.

The agency probably will accept the reauthorization, and you would think that would be a good thing. But the untold story of the legislation — known as ADUFA for the Animal Drug User Fee Act — is that the FDA is forgoing opportunities to compel companies to disclose data that it would be in the public’s interest to know.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, antibiotics, FDA, Resistance, Science Blogs

Resistant Bacteria in Pork — And Problematic Pharmaceuticals Too

November 27, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

Bad news today from an investigation conducted by Consumers Union that was released on the web and will be published in the January issue of the nonprofit’s magazine, Consumer Reports. Tests on pork chops and ground pork, bought in six cities under a variety of labels, showed high rates of contamination with a range of bacteria, many of which were antibiotic-resistant — and also showed evidence of a drug so controversial that it is banned in some other countries.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, consumer reports, food, food policy, food safety, hogs, pigs, Resistance, Science Blogs

The Persistence of Resistance And Some Reasons Why

November 13, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

Tuesday marked the start of the United States’ Get Smart About Antibiotics Week, an annual observance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that tries to direct attention to the root causes of antibiotic resistance and possible fixes. (It is also European Antibiotic Awareness Day, and also the first day of Australia’s Antibiotic Awareness Week. I don’t know of other national observances; if you do, leave them in the comments!)

To mark the day and jump-start awareness, the CDC and a number of US medical and public-health organizations held press events. The observances and the policy statements that came from them were important — but reading between the lines, it is discouraging how much there is yet to do.

(By the way, constant readers: Sorry to be gone so long. Some challenges in the extended family of Casa Superbug; almost all better now, hope everything will be over by the weekend. Meanwhile…)
[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, CDC, E. coli, Resistance, Science Blogs

Human Health, Hog Production and Environmental Harm

October 28, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

I’ve been offline not just for deadlines (as usual), but also because I was preparing for the annual conference of the National Association of Science Writers; I am a member and was a presenter on a couple of panels. The NASW meeting is twinned every year with a second meeting hosted by the nonprofit Council for the Advancement of Science Writing; NASW sessions are peer-to-peer journalism learning, whereas CASW ones feature academic researchers talking about their newest work.

This year’s meetings (collectively called SciWri12, or #SciWri12 if you want to find them on Twitter) were held in Raleigh, NC, and one of the most striking talks there was a report from epidemiologist Steven Wing of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill about his decade-long work investigating the local health effects of very large swine farms. (I’ve written about Wing’s work before.)

The newest news is a paper that he and his team published just as his talk commenced, in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, which finds an association between air pollution and odor in the near vicinity of swine farms, and hikes in blood pressure in local residents. When you put the pieces together — most hog c0nfinement operations are in poor, non-white areas; cardiovascular disease is endemic in African Americans;  North Carolina lies within the worst US area for cardiovascular disease, known as the “Stroke Belt” — you can see that anything that makes blood pressure chronically worse is bad news for public health.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, antibiotics, environment, food, food policy, North Carolina, Resistance, Science Blogs

The 'NIH Superbug': A New Case, And An Overlooked Resource

September 17, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

News, via the Washington Post‘s hard-working health reporter Brian Vastag: After 6 months with no cases, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella has surfaced again at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, and has killed a boy from Minnesota who came to the specialty hospital after a bone-marrow transplant meant to address an immune deficiency. This sad event makes the boy the 19th patient to contract the extremely resistant hospital organism, and the 12th to die from it, since the outbreak began.

You can find here my last post analyzing this outbreak (which was originally reported by the Post following a write-up by NIH staff in the journal Science Translational Medicine). I’m looping back to the subject not just because of this new death, but also to add a few new publications to the discussion, one of them mine.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, carbapenems, CRKP, Klebsiella, KPC, NIH, Resistance, SciAm, Science Blogs

E. Coli Behaving Badly: Hospitals, Travel, Food (ICAAC 2)

September 11, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

A quicker post today from the ICAAC meeting because there’s lots of news coming down this afternoon. At a conference like this, where the focus is on new behavior of pathogens and new drug compounds to contain them, there is a natural focus on emerging antibiotic resistance. Out of the first two days of (hundreds of) papers and posters, here are just a few unnerving reports.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, E. coli, food, food policy, ICAAC, Resistance, Science Blogs

The 'NIH Superbug': This Is Happening Every Day

August 24, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

I mentioned in my last post that I’ve been away on assignment and have been trying to catch up to an onslaught of news. One of the things that broke while I was gone was a new paper in Science Translational Medicine describing the ferocious impact on a hospital at the National Institutes of Health of the arrival of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, known for short as KPC or CRKP.

Even though the news is now several days old — the paper went live at noon Wednesday and has been covered in most major media since — I think it’s worth doubling back to take a closer look. Because, with all respect to my media colleagues, I think some of this week’s stories have omitted the larger context. So, a different kind of post for me — less news, more analysis, based on this book, this magazine story, and these past posts on antibiotic resistance. Here we go:

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, carbapenems, CDC, CRKP, Klebsiella, KPC, NIH, Resistance, Science Blogs

Resistant Gonorrhea: CDC Says Just One Drug Left

August 9, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

Well, that didn’t take long.

Exactly 6 months after warning, in a major medical journal, that gonorrhea was becoming untreatable by the last two drugs commonly used against it, the Centers for Disease Control has taken one of those drugs off the table, leaving just one antibiotic available to treat the disease.

In a bulletin published today, the public health agency says that data from the national Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project shows a high enough percentage of resistance to the oral cephalosporin cefixime that “CDC no longer recommends cefixime at any dose as a first-line regimen for treatment of gonococcal infections.” Instead, it says, physicians should administer a single dose of injectable ceftriaxone, accompanied by some additional oral drugs.

This has been coming for a while, but it is still unnerving news. It means that the entire structure of sexually transmitted disease control in the United States — single doses of drugs given in single outpatient-clinic visits — now hangs on this one remaining drug. If ceftriaxone also becomes ineffective, then STD treatment will instead become a matter of giving drugs by IV: slower, more complicated, more expensive, and likely more difficult to access.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, CDC, cephalosporins, gonorrhea, Resistance, Science Blogs

Drug-Resistant Gonorrhea: Not Just A U.S. Problem

August 3, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment


If you’ve been reading along, you might remember that in the past year, there has been increasing alarm in the public health community about rising rates of drug-resistant gonorrhea, an almost-beaten sexually transmitted disease that has steadily become resistant to just about all the drugs that can be used against it in the outpatient clinics on which STD control relies. (If you haven’t been reading along, then first, Welcome, and second, here are one two three four posts about the problem.)

Highly resistant gonorrhea — which is to say, gonorrhea that has already become resistant to sulfa drugs, penicillin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones such as Cipro, and that is gaining resistance to cephalosporins — first emerged in Japan and over the past decade was carried to the western United States, and then crossed the country. But a recent issue of EuroSurveillance, the journal of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, warns that cases are now increasing in Europe, and exhibiting resistance against the last drug that both worked and was uncomplicated to use.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, cephalosporins, ECDC, gonorrhea, olympics, Resistance, Science Blogs

Investigation: Drug Resistance, Chicken And 8 Million UTIs

July 11, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

So, there’s this thing. A big project. An investigative project, actually. I’ve been working on it for months, and finally I can tell you about it, because it all just published, in various venues, today.

I’ve been working with a great new group, the Food and Environment Reporting Network — one of the grant-funded journalism organizations that have arisen in the wake of the collapse of mainstream journalism — on an important, under-reported topic. Which is: Over the past decade, a group of researchers in several countries have been uncovering links between the use of antibiotics in chicken production and the rising occurrence of resistance in one of the most common bacterial infections in the world.

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: antibiotics, chicken, E. coli, food, food policy, Resistance, Science Blogs, The Atlantic

News Round-Up: Meat, Superbugs, Denmark And Big Food

July 2, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

I was off-line for a week with family issues, and while I was gone, news broke out. (It senses your absence, news does. This is the real reason why coups and major foodborne outbreaks happen in August.)

So while I dive into the bigger stories that seem to be happening — and get some fun summer stuff lined up — here’s a quick recap of things worth noticing:

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, Denmark, food, food policy, Resistance, Science Blogs, Who

People Want to Eat Meat Raised Without Excessive Antibiotics. Wouldn't You?

June 20, 2012 By Maryn Leave a Comment

This news is going to be everywhere today, but it’s solidly in the topics I care about (and you readers care about — at least I think you do), so I’m going to cover it regardless.

The magazine Consumer Reports is publishing a report and poll on US consumers’ attitudes toward the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture. From everyone’s reactions when I write about this, I thought people cared about this issue, but the numbers are a little surprising even to me: 86 percent of shoppers in a nationally representative sample of 1,000 adults said they wanted meat raised without antibiotics to be available in their local supermarkets. [Read more…]

Filed Under: Science, Science Blogs, Superbug Tagged With: agriculture, animals, antibiotics, FDA, food, food policy, food safety, growth promoters, Resistance, Science Blogs, USDA

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